Crime may be defined as an act of commission that can be definitely proved and which is prohibited and made punishable by the country’s legislation or an act of omission that a nation is bound to do as per law.
Five conditions must be fulfilled for an act to be a crime-
a.The act is prohibited
b. The act is punishable by the legislation of the country
c. The act must be done with ill motive
d. The act must be upon an individual
, e. The law is anyhow applicable to that person.
TYPES OF CRIME
According to the arrest-
Ø Cognizable- cases in which police can arrest without a warrant.
Ø Non-cognizable- cases in which police cannot arrest one without a warrant.
According to punishment-
Ø Warrant- crimes punishable with imprisonment for more than one year, including a death sentence.
Ø Summon- crimes, punishable with imprisonment for more than one year
According to the complainant-
Ø Police case- when the police are the complainant.
Ø Complaint case- when the complainant is a victim himself.
Challenges in Crime Detection Across Different Stakeholders
Law Enforcement Agencies:
- Remote locations distant from police jurisdiction
- Inadequate police personnel relative to the required numbers
- Limited logistical resources for law enforcement operations
- Ethical issues within law enforcement agencies
- Political interference affecting investigations
Judicial System:
- Insufficient information provided by law enforcement
- Concealment of information by involved parties
- Presence of false or fabricated evidence and reports
- Witness hostility towards legal proceedings
- Delays in the submission of evidence affecting court proceedings
Medical Professionals:
- Inadequate information sharing from law enforcement agencies
- Cases of concealing or destroying bodies
- Delays in victim and body submission for examination
- Lack of modern facilities in forensic morgues
- Limited opportunities for visiting crime scenes for medical examination
